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Sunday, January 6, 2013

A Change Or Not A Change?

 

“If it is not about Jesus, it’s not about anything”
Motto of the Fountain of Life

Our text for today is Hebrews 13:8; “Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, today, and forever.

Father in Jesus’ name, please guide this study of your immutability.  Let our primary focus be to seek unity in universal principles and not to seek division over interpretation of terms or scriptures.  May we listen to other positions with respect.  We seek knowledge to understand You, but more so; we seek wisdom to live lives that please You.  Therefore may the request for knowledge be blessed, and may the request for wisdom be double blessed. Amen.


This sermon message wants to examine The changelessness of God and show the great significance of God’s eternal attention toward mankind.  Immutability is a term identifying an attribute of God.  It means changelessness. 

 Theologically if a being changes it is not infinite and therefore not divine and not God.  There are many scriptural proofs that God is changeless; does not repent; is immutable:

James 1:17:  “Every good thing comes from God, in whom there is no variableness neither shadow or turning.”  Or no shadow due to change.
Malachi 3:6:   “For I the Lord, I change not.”
Numbers 23:19:   “God is not a man:  that He should
repent.”   Repentance indicates change.
1 Samuel 15:29:  “The Strength of Israel will not lie nor repent:  for he is not a man that he should repent.”
Romans 11:29:  “For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance.

Some time ago I discussed Hebrews 13:8 with a man who believed in the Saturday Sabbath.  He offered as proof that Jesus is the same yesterday, today and forever.  That meant for him that Sabbath is of God, God is eternal, Jesus is God and does not change.  Therefore Saturday Sabbath forever carries God unchanging will for mankind.

Orthodox Christian traditions sometimes, in an effort to defend the doctrine of God’s unchanging will, have taught that God’s eternal plan of salvation commands the patriarchal, hierarchical, social, and political status of ancient Israel to continue forever, not only in the millennium, but also today.  They hold that any attempt to teach differently is to disobey the unchanging will of an unchanging God.  With such an understanding some religious traditions taught that the immutability of God means that there is an unchangeable plan for our lives and that nothing we can say or do can alter what God has already determined will happen to us.  Some may use this position to argue Predestination and Double Predestination or even Fatalism.  Let us honestly ask, are these valid applications of the immutability of God, or the application of an incomplete understanding?

If God is changeless, how does that fact affect these equally valid scriptures?

Luke 2:52:  And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man.”  This is change.
Genesis 6:6:  “And it repented the Lord that He made man.”
Genesis 13:`6:  Abraham bargains with the Lord to spare Sodom for 10 righteous.
Exodus 32:14:  “And the Lord repented of the evil which he thought to do unto his people.”
1 Samuel 15:11:  “It repented me that I set up Saul to be king.”
2 Kings 20:1:  The Lord instructed Hezekiah to put his house in order for he was to die and not live.  But God heard Hezekiah’s prayer and changed His decision to take a life and added 15 years to that life.

Was the eternal Word of God the same before the creation of the world as He was after His birth in Bethlehem as He is now after His Resurrection?  We see scriptures showing that God can change.  But God is changeless.  This is not a contradiction.  We have difference in meaning and context that is not always clear.

Immutability means infinite changelessness.  God is infinitely changeless.  What is changeable is finite.
 Finite means loss or gain, increase or diminishment. 

 Changelessness in God means infinite perfection.  It means that God is without any lack which a change could fill up.  He is without any fullness which a change could diminish.

Consider some comparisons.  Since the beginning of this message we have changed because of the passage of time.
 The cells in our bodies have grown older.  Time diminishes our bodies.  Tomorrow we shall have aged more.
 Jesus has not aged.  He is the same now as He was at the start of this message and the same as He shall be tomorrow.  Time does not increase or diminish Him because He is changeless.

Food changes me for good or ill.  I ate breakfast.  It was gain for my body to provide energy for life.  When I do not eat, it diminishes the body because it provides no energy for life, because the body is changeable with respect to physical nourishment and finite life.  Jesus ate fish and honeycomb with the Apostles after the Resurrection.  Yet the food neither diminished nor increased His body or His eternal life.  The food did not change Him for good or for ill.  Jesus is not changeable with respect to finite or infinite life.

We change our minds.  Good choices increase the experience of life.  Bad choices diminish us.  Because changes change us and have an effect upon us, we are changeable.  God’s choice to destroy Sodom or to spare it did not increase or diminish Him.  Neither did His repentance from destroying Israel and rising up a people to Moses add to or detract from His infinite perfection.    He can repent, that is change, without adding to or detracting from Himself.
 Therefore He is not changeable.

But what if Romans 7:14 is correct and the Law is spiritual?  Then is immutability a valid warrant for Sabbath keeping, or reinstituting animal sacrifice, or abstaining from pork or shrimp, which are carnal ordinances?  If not, what therefore is the meaning, promise and assurance of Hebrews 13:8?

We look at the context in which Hebrews 13:8 was written. 

 Hebrews 13:7 says:  Remember them which have the rule over you, who have spoken unto you the word of God:  whose faith follow, considering the end of their conversation.” 

 The several commentaries which I consulted indicate that this verse is not an admonition for a Christian congregation to blindly follow their current minister.  In fact it does not refer here to a current minister at all, but to the original preachers of the Word.

At the time of the writing, the faithful conversation of many of the original teachers of the Gospel had ceased due to their deaths.  Stephen, James the brother of John, and perhaps already Peter and Paul were killed.  Hebrews advises us to remember their teaching, their conversation, because it had not changed.  The end of their conversation was Jesus.  Jude, the brother of Jesus, advises the same thing in Jude 3:  Beloved…ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints.” 

 Hebrews and Jude are warning against any change in the conversation, a warning against false teachers.  The end of the original conversation is to become the end of our conversation, which is Jesus.  There would be no change in the teaching about Jesus.  That teaching about Jesus was and is the same yesterday, when preached by the martyred Stephen and James, today when preached to them by Paul or Apollos, and forever, when preached by a faithful 21st century minister.

 Jonathan Edwards

With that as a backdrop, Jonathan Edwards examined this issue of changelessness in sermon which he delivered in 1738.  The remainder of our sermon follows Edwards’ work. 

 He wrote, “The Christian faith does not change.  It is not one way now and one way when they (the Hebrews) were first converted.  Christ and Christianity are the same thing.  The writer of Hebrews did not want them uncertain and changeable in their faith.  He wanted them to be faithful to their former faith and not be carried away with new and strange doctrine.  The next verse emphasizes this when it says that Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever.  By yesterday is meant all times past; by today, the time present, and by forever, all that is future, from the present time to eternity.”  Edwards proposed that Jesus is unchangeable in two ways:  First:
 He is unchangeable by His divine nature.  Second:  Christ is unchangeable in His office.

1).    Christ is unchangeable by His divine nature:  Jesus
occupies a position in the Trinity.  He is God and has the divine nature, the Godhead dwelling in Him.  He has all the attributes of God including immutability and therefore is changeless.  Jesus as a man, in His human nature, was not totally unchangeable.  He was born, grew in stature and wisdom and gained knowledge.  He most likely learned how to become a carpenter.  He, however, was also God and not in subjection to His human nature.  Having His divine nature to uphold Him, Edwards teaches that His human nature was not subject to fall and commit sin, as Adam and the fallen angels did.

Jesus’ human nature on earth was subject to painful changes, not sinful ones.  He suffered hunger and thirst; He felt chill and cold; He suffered greatly in the Garden and upon the Cross.  Afterward His body was gloriously changed at the Resurrection and the Ascension.  His human nature was not subject to sinful changes as was Adam’s or the angels’.  His human nature was always in constant and intimate relation and contact to the divine nature which upheld it.  Christ’s divine nature is absolutely unchangeable.  It was the same after His Incarnation as before.  After the resurrection when He was glorified and sat at the right hand of the Father, His divine nature did not change.

2).    Christ is unchangeable in His office as Mediator andSavior of His Church and people.

  First:  The office of Mediator never ceases nor is it ever replaced.  Jesus is the only Mediator between God and man.  1 Timothy 2:5 shows, “There is one God and one mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus.  He is an everlasting Mediator and Savior.  The Old Testament priests died and were replaced.  But Christ, who lives forever, is a priest forever (Hebrews 7:23-24).

His kingly office is also everlasting.  David and Solomon were powerful kings, but they died and were replaced.  But for Jesus, as Hebrews 1:8 indicates, “Thy throne, O God, is forever and ever.  Daniel 7:13-14 show that though all other kingdoms will be demolished, the Kingdom of Jesus will stand forever.

Second:  Christ is at all times totally sufficient for the office He has undertaken.  He undertook the office from eternity past in covenant with the Father.  His power, wisdom, love, and worthiness are forever sufficient for salvation.  He is forever able to save, because He lives forever.  Hebrews 7:16 says, “He is made, not after the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless life.”

Third:  Christ is now, and ever will be faithfully fulfilling the duty of His office for us.  He will not be who He is without us.  Men will fail but Jesus is the same yesterday, today and forever.  He loves us yesterday, today and forever.  This commitment to complete the work of His office is immutable and is grounded in His love for us and His covenant with His Father.  For past generations of saints it has already been fulfilled.  Therefore, since it is already fulfilled it can never not be fulfilled for future generations.

Fourth:  Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever as to the purpose of fulfilling His office.  His supreme purpose is the glory of God.  Edwards says that, “This is why He undertook to be the Mediator between God and man.
 He did it for the honor of God’s justice and majesty…He also undertook the office to glorify the free grace of God.”

Fifth:  Christ is consistent in the method of carrying out His mediatorial office.  The manner by which Jesus executes His office is found in a twofold covenant:   
1st:
 The covenant of redemption or the eternal covenant that was between the Father and the Son.  In agreement with the Father, Christ becomes Mediator with fallen man.  This is an eternal agreement from which Jesus never departs by the power of His own free will.  Christ does and completes the work that God gave Him (John 17:4).  2nd:  The other covenant regarding Christ’s mediatorial office is the covenant of grace that God established with man.  God makes promises to His creatures.  He made covenants with
Noah, Abraham, Moses and David.   And by His sovereign free will, He wills to give us grace and mercy. 

  For example in Exodus 3:14 God wills to reveal Himself as the great I Am in the glory of His self-existence.  In Exodus 34:6, God wills to reveal Himself to Moses and to us through the glory of His covenant of grace. In effect, God says in so many words, “And this O Israel is how I will to be your God.”  And it is through a covenant of grace.

Sixth:  He is unchangeable in the acts that He exercises in His office.  That means that He will never reject those who receive Him.  His intercession for His Church and His people never ceases.  Hebrews7:25 says, “Wherefore He is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by Him, seeing He ever lives to make intercession for them.”  Just as He is unchanging in His intercession, He is unchanging in upholding and preserving us.

CONCLUSION

Unchangeable in Holy Scripture does not focus on carnal rites or institutions, but rather points us to the perfect self-consistency of God throughout all eternity.  In this respect, Edwards shows God’s divine nature does not change.  None of the attributes of God can change.  This unchanging work of His attributes and grace is not a static concept, or an unfeeling sterile sequence of infinite random iterations, but a dynamic action in each of His individual relations with each of His creatures. 

 And that is a comfort.  When God in His free will says, “I the Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth” (Exodus 34:6), that means He acts that way toward us forever.  The notion that God’s immutability is static immutability is not the Biblical view.  His interest toward us is active, intimate, and ever present.  Edwards shows that both the teaching (conversation) about Jesus and His work as Mediator and Savior are unchangeable yesterday, today, and forever.

Brethren, lets offer a doxology using a free rendering of Psalm 100:5:  Praise Jesus.  For He, the Lord, is good.
 His mercy and grace are everlasting and His truth endures to all generations forever.

George Relic, Assistant Pastor
Fountain of Life Church, Washington, Pennsylvania A Congregation of Grace Communion International

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